نشریه حکمرانی و توسعه
سال دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

The increasing complexity of today's problems makes it inevitable to design and apply efficient methods to cope with this complexity. Design science is also concerned with the design of innovative and purposeful artifacts to solve specific problems. With this in mind, the following article was written with the two main goals of developing the design science research process model and achieving a relatively comprehensive understanding of its foundations. The model developed presents itself as a repeating cycle that includes the activities of "identifying and explaining the problem," "determining the goals and requirements for the solution," "collecting and analyzing data and knowledge," "designing and developing the artifact," "evaluating," and "reasoning and communicating." The cyclical nature of this process and the consideration of three internal cycles, including "problem verification," "building," and "improvement," rather than a linear process, creates a dynamic model for solving design science problems. In addition, this article has attempted to provide a good summary of the fundamentals and practical issues of this field, including paradigm, principles, research domain, rules, procedures, guidelines, research tools, and methods of design science. Finally, a brief review of the tools and methods used in a real-world example of model design is presented.

Public policies are formulated and promulgated by the legislature to solve public issues, but some of them are not implemented or are delayed in the middle of the road. Many of the neglect of public policies in the private sector and related to industries, especially small and medium industries, have imposed harmful effects on this sector as the driving engine of large industries, in such a way that statistical surveys of a significant number of stagnant enterprises in various fields It tells about the non-implementation of production protection laws. Therefore, the aim of the upcoming research is to present the model of abandonment of public policies in the industrial sector of Iran. Thus, in order to extract the main elements of the model, in the form of a semi-structured interview, an in-depth interview was conducted with 33 policy makers in the private sector in various industries. The selection of the participants has been done with the purposeful sampling method from the theoretical branch. The theoretical model of abandonment of public policies was extracted through the research stages of the foundational data theory and by identifying causal, contextual, intervening categories, strategies, and finally the consequences of the phenomenon with the centrality of the central category called stagnation of public policies.

Increasing the productivity of an organization's human resources is one of the most important goals of any organization. Military and law enforcement agencies are not exempt from this, and in order to achieve their organizational goals, such as ensuring stable security, they must increase the productivity of their employees. In this regard, there are organizational factors that can be significantly improved if they are considered as problem-solving nodes. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the organizational factors that affect the productivity of patrol officers in the 110 operational police units in Qom province. This research is based on the type of objective applied, in terms of the type of qualitative method and descriptive method, and in terms of inductive approach. The statistical population of the research included managers and police commanders of Qom province, and the sample of the research was a purposive selection of these people. The thematic analysis technique was used to collect qualitative data using the interview instrument and to analyze the data obtained from the interview. The results of the data analysis showed that organizational factors such as leadership style, work characteristics, reward system, training, reward and punishment, organizational support and promotion have an impact on the productivity of the employees of the 110 operational police patrols in Qom province.

Today, human resources are recognized as the most important and valuable resource in the success of organizations, so that organizations make extensive efforts to improve the conditions of employees, improve their performance, and increase their motivation. In this path, there are obstacles that prevent the desired productivity from being achieved. Social loafing is one of the things that directly leads to a decrease in the performance and productivity of employees, especially in a group environment. Social loafing has many negative consequences for organizations and directly affects organizational performance. Considering the prevalence of the loafing phenomenon in organizations on the one hand and the lack of comprehensive studies regarding the antecedents of the said phenomenon, this research decided to examine this issue with a meta-synthesis method. In this regard, out of 93 articles with related content, 31 articles were qualitative in terms of research method, which were the basis of analysis. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the findings, and the Holstein, P-Scott, and Kerpinderoff's alpha coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability, transferability, confirmability. The obtained coefficients for these criteria are 0.711, 0.834, 0.770 and 0.860, respectively, which means confirming the above criteria. As a result of this analysis, 38 codes, 14 themes and 6 categories of factors were identified, which in order of importance were: managerial, occupational, environmental, personal, structural and technological.

Information governance is an approach to managing the acquisition, creation, storage, organizing, sharing, dissemination and effective use of information inside and outside an organization that most organizations today use to facilitate and expedite the management of their information processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the role of information governance in scientific centers. This research is fundamental and the library method has been used to collect information from various printed and electronic information sources. Information governance in scientific centers includes general components such as people, technology, processes, policies, tools, and specific components such as information value, information quality, information security, privacy, information acceptance, and record management which can accelerate and facilitate the information lifecycle management, sharing, access, use, protection and archiving of information in the among of the scientific communities.  Also, information governance through auditing, prioritization, policy making, information refining, information control and creation of information systems in the fields of increasing transparency, accountability and flexibility and openness, legalism, improving speed and effectiveness of decisions and processes, reduce of scientific risk and costs and control corruption among the scientific communities.Information governance by creating a suitable environment and opportunities in the scientific centers can provide proper governance, management and policy making of the processes of search, retrieval, acquisition, creation, storage, organizing, transmission, sharing, dissemination, use, analysis and control of information among the scientific communities.

In today's world, many countries in the world, which are facing limited foreign exchange resources, have placed the income from tourism as one of the important sources of foreign exchange earnings. It is obvious that tourism sectors can be considered as a source of income if they have valuable tourism potentials and resources. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and correlational nature. Religious tourism experts (organization managers, leaders of pilgrimage tours, hotel managers) form in Mashhad. And due to the uncertainty of the statistical society, the sampling method used in this research is non-probability. The method of data collection in this research is the standardized questionnaire of Lourdes (2005) to measure the variable of e-government services, Farahani et al. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics methods (mean, frequency percentage) using SPSS version 19 software and inferential statistics (structural equation method) using PLS software. The results showed that IRIB programs (national media), social media platforms such as Instagram and Telegram and electronic government services (government to government, government to employees, government to citizens, government to business, government to tourism organizations and government to tourists) has a significant positive role in the development of religious tourism.